<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-size: small;">  </span></span><a href="http://www.sphbkj.com/"><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small;">金屬清洗</span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">是金屬制件在加工、裝配、貯存和維修等過(guò)程中必不可少的工藝環(huán)節，其非常大的應用領(lǐng)域為鋼鐵工業(yè)和汽車(chē)工業(yè)。過(guò)去廣泛使用的金屬清洗劑為各種溶劑、堿性或酸性的水基清洗劑，目前國內外頒布了許多的法規，限制了大部分的溶劑的使用，所以今后金屬清洗劑的發(fā)展方向應該為水性清洗劑。本文將就</span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.sphbkj.com/"><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">水性金屬清洗劑</span></span></a></span><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的現狀和發(fā)展趨勢以及其原料的情況作一詳細的闡述。</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">　　</span><span lang="EN-US">1.</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">水性金屬清洗劑的現狀</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">　　國內，傳統的清洗工藝依然采用汽油、煤油等混合烴類(lèi)為主。在</span><span lang="EN-US">20</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">世紀</span><span lang="EN-US">60</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年代開(kāi)發(fā)了以強堿性物質(zhì)（如</span><span lang="EN-US">NaOH</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">、</span><span lang="EN-US">Na2CO3</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">、</span><span lang="EN-US">Na2SiO3</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">、</span><span lang="EN-US">Na3PO4</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">）為主要成分的水基清洗劑。</span><span lang="EN-US">70-80</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年代開(kāi)發(fā)了以表面活性劑為主要成分的水基清洗劑，出現了如</span><span lang="EN-US">6501</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">、</span><span lang="EN-US">6503</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">等清洗效果較好的表面活性劑單體。</span><span lang="EN-US">20</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">世紀</span><span lang="EN-US">80</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年代后經(jīng)過(guò)科研工作者的不斷努力通過(guò)多種表面活性劑之間的復配，利用各組分之間的協(xié)同效應，使得金屬清洗劑的清洗能力得到較大的提高，其技術(shù)取得了很大的發(fā)展，在全國的大多數省市都建立了清洗劑的生產(chǎn)廠(chǎng)家，產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)量大幅度提高，質(zhì)量逐步改善，新型效率高，適合不同用途的清洗劑不斷問(wèn)世，目前國內研究和生產(chǎn)比較普遍的還是由表面活性劑和助劑復配的</span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.sphbkj.com/"><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">水設立資金屬清洗劑</span></span></a></span><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">。</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">　　</span><span lang="EN-US">2.</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">金屬清洗劑的發(fā)展趨勢</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size: small;">　　石油類(lèi)溶劑作為金屬清洗劑將逐步淘汰，效率高、環(huán)保的鹵代烴溶劑今后將成為溶劑型金屬清洗劑的優(yōu)選。水基清洗劑方面，正向常溫型和專(zhuān)項使用型方向發(fā)展。如適合超聲波清洗、噴丸清洗和高壓水流清洗的專(zhuān)項使用清洗劑正逐步受到重視。同時(shí)，日益突出的環(huán)境污染問(wèn)題，使得溶劑型清洗劑和水基含磷清洗劑將逐步淘汰，新型無(wú)害無(wú)磷、效率高、防銹等具有多功能的環(huán)保型水基清洗劑將成為清洗行業(yè)大力研究的方向。</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size: small;">　　同時(shí)，結合溶劑型和水基清洗劑的各自利弊，即水設立資金屬清洗劑難以在室溫情況下有效的清除金屬表面的重垢，而溶劑型清洗劑具有去除油污迅速，低溫洗滌效果好的特點(diǎn)，國外的許多廠(chǎng)家正在開(kāi)發(fā)油包水的乳液型清洗劑，這將使金屬清洗劑發(fā)展到一個(gè)更高的階段。</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">　　</span><span lang="EN-US">3.</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">水性金屬清洗劑的清洗機理</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.sphbkj.com/"><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">金屬清洗劑</span></span></a></span><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的清洗過(guò)程是利用表面活性劑能夠降低液體的表面張力，產(chǎn)生定向吸附、潤濕、乳化、分散、增溶等綜合作用，再借助清洗時(shí)的加熱、刷洗、噴淋、振動(dòng)或超聲波的方式使得油污盡快脫離工件表面，分散到清洗液中，達到清理污垢的目的。</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">　　北美、西歐和日本的金屬清洗劑市場(chǎng)已經(jīng)發(fā)展成熟，消費總量很大，但是預期的消費增加量不會(huì )太大。而國內由于鋼鐵和汽車(chē)工業(yè)發(fā)展的拉動(dòng)，</span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.sphbkj.com/"><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">金屬清洗劑</span></span></a></span><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">市場(chǎng)將有很大的市場(chǎng)空間。</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 21pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size: small;">目前，雖然國內建立了大量的清洗劑生產(chǎn)廠(chǎng)家，占據了絕大部分的客戶(hù)資源，但是隨著(zhù)技術(shù)的進(jìn)步和環(huán)保要求的提出，新型、效率高、有經(jīng)驗、環(huán)保的清洗產(chǎn)品仍然具有廣闊的市場(chǎng)空間，很值得我們去深入的探討和研究。</span></span></p>